Monday, July 4, 2011

XHTML HowTo



How W3Schools Was Converted To XHTML

W3Schools was converted from HTML to XHTML in December 1999, by Hege Refsnes and Ståle Refsnes.
To convert a Web site from HTML to XHTML, you should be familiar with the XHTML syntax rules described in the previous chapters.
The following steps were executed (in the order listed below):

A <!DOCTYPE> Was Added

The following <!DOCTYPE> was added to the first line of every page:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
Tip: Your pages must have a DOCTYPE declaration if you want them to validate as correct XHTML.

The xmlns Attribute Was Added

The xmlns attribute was added to the html element of every page:
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
Note: The xmlns attribute specifies the xml namespace for a document, and is required in XHTML documents.

Lowercase Tags And Attribute Names

A general "find-and-replace" function was executed to replace all uppercase tags with lowercase tags. The same was done for attribute names.

All Attribute Values Were Quoted

Every page in W3Schools.com was checked to see that attribute values were quoted.

Empty Tags Were Properly Closed

Empty tags are not allowed in XHTML. The <hr> and <br> tags should be replaced with <hr /> and <br />.
A general "find-and-replace" function was executed to swap the tags.
We decided not to close the <img> tags with </img>, but with /> at the end of the tag. This was done manually.

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