CSS3 Animations

CSS3 Animations

With CSS3, we can create animations, which can replace animated images, Flash animations, and JavaScripts in many web pages.

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CSS3
Animation

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CSS3 @keyframes Rule

To create animations in CSS3, you will have to learn about the @keyframes rule.
The @keyframes rule is where the animation is created. Specify a CSS style inside the @keyframes rule and the animation will gradually change from the current style to the new style.

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Browser Support

Property	Browser Support
@keyframes
animation

Internet Explorer and Opera do not yet support the @keyframes rule or the animation property.
Firefox requires the prefix -moz-, while Chrome and Safari require the prefix -webkit-.

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Example @keyframes myfirst { from {background: red;} to {background: yellow;} } @-moz-keyframes myfirst /* Firefox */ { from {background: red;} to {background: yellow;} } @-webkit-keyframes myfirst /* Safari and Chrome */ { from {background: red;} to {background: yellow;} }

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CSS3 animation

When the animation is created in the @keyframe, bind it to a selector, otherwise the animation will have no effect.
Bind the animation to a selector by specifying at least these two CSS3 animation properties:

• Specify the name of the animation
• Specify the duration of the animation

Example

Binding the "myfirst" animation to a div element, duration: 5 seconds:
div
{
animation: myfirst 5s;
-moz-animation: myfirst 5s; /* Firefox */
-webkit-animation: myfirst 5s; /* Safari and Chrome */
}
Note: You must define the name and the duration of the animation. If duration is omitted, the animation will not run, because the default value is 0.

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What are Animations in CSS3?

An animation is an effect that lets an element gradually change from one style to another.
You can change as many styles you want, as many times you want.
Specify when the change will happen in percent, or the keywords "from" and "to", which is the same as 0% and 100%.
0% is the beginning of the animation, 100% is when the animation is complete.
For best browser support, you should always define both the 0% and the 100% selectors.

Example

Change the background color when the animation is 25%, 50%, and again when the animation is 100% complete:
@keyframes myfirst
{
0%   {background: red;}
25%  {background: yellow;}
50%  {background: blue;}
100% {background: green;}
}

@-moz-keyframes myfirst /* Firefox */
{
0%   {background: red;}
25%  {background: yellow;}
50%  {background: blue;}
100% {background: green;}
}

@-webkit-keyframes myfirst /* Safari and Chrome */
{
0%   {background: red;}
25%  {background: yellow;}
50%  {background: blue;}
100% {background: green;}
}

Example

Change the background color and position:
@keyframes myfirst
{
0%   {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
25%  {background: yellow; left:200px; top:0px;}
50%  {background: blue; left:200px; top:200px;}
75%  {background: green; left:0px; top:200px;}
100% {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
}

@-moz-keyframes myfirst /* Firefox */
{
0%   {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
25%  {background: yellow; left:200px; top:0px;}
50%  {background: blue; left:200px; top:200px;}
75%  {background: green; left:0px; top:200px;}
100% {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
}

@-webkit-keyframes myfirst /* Safari and Chrome */
{
0%   {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
25%  {background: yellow; left:200px; top:0px;}
50%  {background: blue; left:200px; top:200px;}
75%  {background: green; left:0px; top:200px;}
100% {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
}

CSS3 Animation Properties

The following table lists the @keyframes rule and all the animation properties:

Property	Description	CSS
@keyframes	Specifies the animation	3
animation	A shorthand property for all the the animation properties, except the animation-play-state property	3
animation-name	Specifies the name of the @keyframes animation	3
animation-duration	Specifies how many seconds or milliseconds an animation takes to complete one cycle. Default 0	3
animation-timing-function	Describes how the animation will progress over one cycle of its duration. Default "ease"	3
animation-delay	Specifies when the animation will start. Default 0	3
animation-iteration-count	Specifies the number of times an animation is played. Default 1	3
animation-direction	Specifies whether or not the animation should play in reverse on alternate cycles. Default "normal"	3
animation-play-state	Specifies whether the animation is running or paused. Default "running"	3

The two examples below sets all the animation properties:

Example

Run an animation called myfirst, with all the animation properties set:
div
{
animation-name: myfirst;
animation-duration: 5s;
animation-timing-function: linear;
animation-delay: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
animation-direction: alternate;
animation-play-state: running;
/* Firefox: */
-moz-animation-name: myfirst;
-moz-animation-duration: 5s;
-moz-animation-timing-function: linear;
-moz-animation-delay: 2s;
-moz-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
-moz-animation-direction: alternate;
-moz-animation-play-state: running;
/* Safari and Chrome: */
-webkit-animation-name: myfirst;
-webkit-animation-duration: 5s;
-webkit-animation-timing-function: linear;
-webkit-animation-delay: 2s;
-webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
-webkit-animation-direction: alternate;
-webkit-animation-play-state: running;
}

Example

The same animation as above, using the shorthand animation property:
div
{
animation: myfirst 5s linear 2s infinite alternate;
/* Firefox: */
-moz-animation: myfirst 5s linear 2s infinite alternate;
/* Safari and Chrome: */
-webkit-animation: myfirst 5s linear 2s infinite alternate;
}