CSS pseudo-classes are used to add special effects to some selectors.
Syntax
The syntax of pseudo-classes:| selector:pseudo-class {property:value;} |
| selector.class:pseudo-class {property:value;} |
Anchor Pseudo-classes
Links can be displayed in different ways in a CSS-supporting browser:Example
a:link {color:#FF0000;} /* unvisited link */a:visited {color:#00FF00;} /* visited link */
a:hover {color:#FF00FF;} /* mouse over link */
a:active {color:#0000FF;} /* selected link */
Note: a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be effective!!
Note: a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective!!
Note: Pseudo-class names are not case-sensitive.
Pseudo-classes and CSS Classes
Pseudo-classes can be combined with CSS classes:| a.red:visited {color:#FF0000;} <a class="red" href="css_syntax.asp">CSS Syntax</a> |
CSS - The :first-child Pseudo-class
The :first-child pseudo-class matches a specified element that is the first child of another element.Note: For :first-child to work in IE8 and earlier, a <!DOCTYPE> must be declared.
Match the first <p> element
In the following example, the selector matches any <p> element that is the first child of any element:Example
<html><head>
<style type="text/css">
p:first-child
{
color:blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>I am a strong man.</p>
<p>I am a strong man.</p>
</body>
</html>
Match the first <i> element in all <p> elements
In the following example, the selector matches the first <i> element in all <p> elements:Example
<html><head>
<style type="text/css">
p > i:first-child
{
font-weight:bold;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p>
<p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p>
</body>
</html>
Match all <i> elements in all first child <p> elements
In the following example, the selector matches all <i> elements in <p> elements that are the first child of another element:Example
| <html> <head> <style type="text/css"> p:first-child i { color:blue; } </style> </head> <body> <p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p> <p>I am a <i>strong</i> man. I am a <i>strong</i> man.</p> </body> </html> |
CSS - The :lang Pseudo-class
The :lang pseudo-class allows you to define special rules for different languages.Note: IE8 supports the :lang pseudo-class only if a <!DOCTYPE> is specified.
In the example below, the :lang class defines the quotation marks for q elements with lang="no":
Example
<html><head>
<style type="text/css">
q:lang(no) {quotes: "~" "~";}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Some text <q lang="no">A quote in a paragraph</q> Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>'
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